Top Things to See and Do in Edinburgh, Scotland
Edinburgh has completely stolen my heart, and every time I return, I fall in love with it all over again. These days, my visits to Scotland’s capital look a lot different than when I first experienced it at 20, but my appreciation for its history, charm, and energy has only grown deeper. Whether it’s your first trip or your fifth, there are so many unforgettable things to do in Edinburgh. From wandering the cobbled closes of Old Town to soaking up the Georgian elegance of New Town, this guide rounds up the top things to see in Edinburgh and the experiences you absolutely shouldn’t miss.
Old Town, Edinburgh
Edinburgh Castle
Perched atop Castle Rock, this iconic fortress dominates the Edinburgh skyline. Even if you don’t go inside, be sure to at least visit the esplanade - the views from here are absolutely stunning. Self-guided as well as guided tours are available if you’d like to explore inside the castle walls. Some of the highlights include Scotland’s crown jewels and the 1 o’clock gun.
Royal Mile
The Royal Mile is the historic spine of Edinburgh’s Old Town, stretching from Edinburgh Castle down to Holyrood Palace. Along the way, you’ll find landmarks like St. Giles’ Cathedral, the famous Heart of Midlothian—a heart-shaped mosaic marking the old Tolbooth prison, Scotland’s Parliament, and a bevy of souvenir shops, pubs and cafes. As you meander along the mile, be sure to explore the narrow alleyways known as closes where you’ll find hidden gems like the Edinburgh Writers’ Museum (Lady Stairs Close) or the set for the print shop in the hit series Outlander (located in Bakehouse Close).
Real Mary King’s Close
What lies beneath the cobbled streets of Edinburgh’s Old Town is the hidden history of Edinburgh’s dark past. An underground matrix of hidden closes where people lived, worked and died. Real Mary King’s Close disappeared from view in the 1800’s but you can explore it with family-friendly guided tours for a glimpse into Edinburgh’s past.
Writers’ Museum
Located on the Royal Mile, tucked into the Lady Stairs Close is the Edinburgh Writers’ Museum. The museum features artifacts, personal objects, manuscripts and portraits celebrating the lives and works of famed Scottish authors like Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott and Robert Louis Stevenson. Entry to the museum is free.
Victoria Street
This picturesque, curved street in Edinburgh’s Old Town is known for its vibrant, colorful buildings. It’s said to be inspiration for Diagon Alley in the Harry Potter series - which is easy to believe when you discover JK Rowling wrote the early books just blocks away. Visitors will find boutique shops selling everything from artisan cheeses to Scotch and locally made candles.
The Grassmarket
Sitting in the shadow of Edinburgh Castle is the Grassmarket. It’s steeped in history having served as on of Edinburgh’s main markets as early as the 1400’s, and the location of public hangings in the 1700’s. The area is now lined with hotels, boutiques and pubs that speak to its history. Nowadays, you can grab a pint at Maggie Dickson’s Pub - named after her infamous hanging.
Arthur’s Seat
An ancient volcano and the highest point in Holyrood Park, Arthur’s Seat offers sweeping views over Edinburgh. Used by locals for centuries for grazing and gatherings, it’s also tied to legends and folklore, making a hike here feel like stepping into both nature and history.
Holyrood Palace
The Palace of Holyroodhouse sits at the end of the Royal Mile in Edinburgh, Scotland. It is the official residence of the British monarch in Scotland, and has served in this capacity since the 16th century. The palace has historical significance and association with some of Scotland’s most well-known historic figures including Mary, Queen of Scots and Bonnie Prince Charlie.
The palace welcomes visitors year-round, except when the Royal family is in residence. Visitors can learn how the it is used today by The King for official engagements in Scotland as well as more about its place in Scottish history.
St. Giles Cathedral
Founded in 1124 by King David I, St. Giles Cathedral has been a working church for over 900 years. The current building was constructed in the 14th century with alterations and additions taking place centuries later - including the addition of the Thistle Chapel in the 20th century.
The church became Protestant in 1559, when the foremost figure of the Scottish Reformation, John Knox became minister. Today, visitors can visit the cathedral, which offers complimentary walking tours at 10:30 am & 2:30 pm daily (reservations recommended).
Camera Obscura & World of Illusions
Located on towards the top of the Royal Mile, is Camera Obscura & World of Illusions. Originally opened as the ‘Popular Observatory’ in its current location in 1853, the Camera Obscura has been wowing Edinburgh visitors and residents for over a century. With five floors and over 100 interactive, hands-on exhibits, there is something for everyone here.
What is a Camera Obscura and how does it work? It is part pinhole camera, part periscope. A metal tube pass through the ceiling and roof of the tower above into the open air. Outside, it’s covered by a protective hood with a tiny window in one side, letting in daylight. Once the light rays enter the tube, they hit a mirror that beams downwards to a set of three lenses. These lenses focus a stunning image of Edinburgh onto a viewing table.
Scotch Whisky Experience
Is this a tourist attraction, honestly yes. But, if you don’t have time or ability to venture out of Edinburgh to visit a distillery, the Scotch Whisky Experience on Edinburgh’s Royal Mile is a good crash course in all things Scotch. The attraction includes a guided tour of the art of whisky making plus a nosing and tasting of Scotch amidst one of the world’s largest collections of Scotch whisky.
Greyfriars Kirkyard
Located at the southern edge of Old Town, Grefriars Kirkyard is the graveyard surrounding Greyfriars Kirk. Burials have been taking place here since the late 16th century, when Mary Queen of Scots granted the lane to the town council. Visitors to the Kirkyard can see the remnants of the ‘Covenanters’ Prison,’ enclosed burial layers (to deter grave robbers) and notable burials including:
Greyfriars’ Bobby - Bobby was a Skye Terrier and was looked after by a local policeman John Gray. After John Gray’s death Bobby reportedly guarded his grave in the Kirkyard for fourteen years. Bobby captured the heart of the Lord Provost, William Chambers and the public, who would bring him food and other comforts. Bobby’s headstone can be found in the Kirkyard and a monument to him can be found on nearby George IV Bridge.
Thomas Riddell - When Tom Riddell passed away in 1806, it’s doubtful he had any notion that he’d one day be the inspiration for one of the most famous villains in modern literature. Now, Harry Potter fans from across the globe venture to Greyfriars Kirkyard to view the grave of ‘he who must not be named.’
William McGonagall - McGonagall was known, rather cruelly, as one of the worst poets in Scotland. But, thanks to J.K. Rowling’s Professor McGonagall in the Harry Potter series, his name will live in infamy.
The Kirkyard is open to visitors 24 hours a day for self-guided walks. I would recommend a tour to learn more more about its deep history.
National Museum of Scotland
The National Museum of Scotland houses multiple galleries and thousands of objects ranging from the natural world, science & technology , Scottish history and fashion. The most memorable display to me was the opportunity to see the infamously cloned Dolly the sheep.
The museum is free and Open daily from 10 a.m. - 5 p.m.
The Elephant House
The now infamous cafe where J.K. Rowling began writing the Harry Potter series. It’s easy to see where she drew inspiration for the series as you wander along the nearby streets. From the gravestones in Greyfriars Kirkyard to Victoria Street, and the whimsical tours of George Heriots just outside the cafe’s windows. As of Sept. 2025, the cafe is unfortunately, the cafe is currently closed - but visitors can still take a peek from the outside.
Scottish Parliament
Scotland’s current parliament building opened with a formal ceremony by Queen Elizabeth II in 2004. Located near the bottom of the Royal Mile, this building is the home to Scotland’s democracy. Designed by Spanish architect, Enric Miralles, the Parliament building is known for its striking design that seeks to connect the Scottish landscape and cultural heritage.
Parliament is open to visitors Monday - Saturday with varying hours, giving visitors the opportunity to watch Parliamentary business, and on certain days free guided tours are available. For more details on hour and tours, click here.
New Town, Edinburgh
Princes Street Gardens
Nestled between the Old and New Towns, these gardens were carved from the former Nor Loch in the 18th century. Today, they’re a green oasis perfect for a stroll or picnic, with stunning views of Edinburgh Castle and a reminder of how the city has evolved over centuries.
Water of Leith Walkway
The Water of Leith walkway is a nearly 12 mile scenic path that along the river, connecting the rural area of Balerno to the port district of Leith. Along the walkway, visitors will enjoy historical sites and villages including:
Dean Village: A picturesque area with historical buildings, bridges, and views of the river.
St. Bernard's Well: An 18th-century structure in Dean Village known for its natural spring.
Stockbridge: A charming village along the path.
Dean Bridge: A striking bridge offering beautiful views.
Water of Leith Walkway Visitor Centre: Located in Colinton, it features exhibits on local wildlife and water engineering.
Colinton Tunnel: A tunnel with murals inspired by Robert Louis Stevenson's poem.
Saughton Park: A lovely garden with a historical bandstand.
Murrayfield Stadium: The walkway passes near the home of Scottish rugby.
Leith: The historic port district at the end of the walkway.
Dean Village
A peaceful pocket just a short walk from the city center, Dean Village, along the Water of Leigh walkway, is full of charming old stone houses. Once a bustling milling village in the 12th century, it has retained its historic charm while offering a serene escape from the city streets - you will feel like you have been transported to Shakespearian times as you wander along the waterway.
Calton Hill
A short climb (did I mention Edinburgh is built on several hills?) rewards you with panoramic city views and several monuments, including the National Monument and Nelson Monument. The hill has been a focal point for public celebrations, gatherings, and commemorations for centuries, making it a place where history and skyline meet.
Sir Walter Scott Monument
The Sir Walter Scott Monument, located on Prince’s Street in New Town, Edinburgh is the second largest monument to a writer in the world. Known for its Victorian Gothic architecture, the spire-like structure dominates the New Town landscape.
Visitors looking to get a view, can climb the 287 steps to the top for views overlooking Princes Street Gardens, Edinburgh Castle and more. For more information on hours and tickets, click here.
Galleries
Edinburgh is home to several art galleries spread throughout New Town including:
The National Galleries of Scotland are spread across three locations:
‘The Mound’ - This gallery features the National collection including European masterpieces & Scottish works, with seasonal exhibitions.
Modern 1 & 2 - These galleries feature a modern art collection from Miro to Hockney, alongside new exhibitions, a sculpture park and cafe.
The Royal Scottish Academy - Founded in 1826, and located on ‘The Mound,’ The Royal Scottish Academy supports art and architecture in Scotland. Their collections contain some of the best works by Scottish artists and architects.
Royal Botanic Garden
Orignally founded in 1670 (near Holyrood Abbey) as a physic garden, the Royal Botanic Garden has transformed into a global centre for biodiversity science, horticulture and education over its 350 year history. Today, visitors can discover one of the richest living collections in the world.
Located 1 mile north of Edinburgh’s city center, the garden is open daily and offers free admission.
Jonny Walker Experience
Located on Princes Street in Edinburgh’s New Town, step into an immersive whisky experience at Johnnie Walker. The Signature Experience includes interactive projections, live performances and custom tastings to match your flavor profile.
Purchase tickets in advance here.
Other Areas of Edinburgh
Royal Yacht Britannia
Her Majesty’s Yacht, Brittania was in service from 1954 to 1997, sailing over one million nautical miles in that time. Now retired from royal service, Britannia is permanently docked in Leith, Edinburgh. Visitors today can explore the yacht’s five decks and learn about this history of Royal Yachts dating back to 1660.
The Yacht is open daily, for more information on hours and tickets click here.
Cramond Island
Located northwest of Edinburgh’s City Center, in the Firth of Fourth lies Cramond Island. The island, once fortified during the WWII era, the tidal island is now uninhabited. At low tide, visitors can walk across a causeway to explore the island including remnants of barracks and the gunnison. This little island was one of my favorite ‘off the beaten path’ places to explore during my time in Edinburgh.
The island sits 3/4 mi offshore, check the tidal tables before heading out to ensure you leave plenty of time for your return trip back to the mainland.
Edinburgh Zoo
West of the City Center, you’ll find Edinburgh Zoo, home to the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) and more than 2,500 animals. From alpacas to zebras, this zoo has a diverse collection focused on conservation and a pledge to reverse the decline of at least 50 species. One of the most notable an unique experiences offered at the zoo is the daily penguin walk or “Wee Waddle” where penguins have the opportunity to leave their enclosure to wander outside it’s perimiter.
The zoo is open daily. For more information on hours and tickets and ‘Wee Waddle’ times, click here.
Bruntsfield Links Golfing Society
Founded in 1761, the Bruntsfield Links Golfing Society is the fourth oldest golf club in the world and one of Scotlands most prestigious clubs. The current course, located 3-miles from Edinburgh’s City Center is known for its parkland style and is open to visitors and guests.
The original course, is located in the Morningside neighborhood south of Edinburgh’s Old Town. It is now a 36-hole pitch-and-putt short hole course. It is free to the public but you must provide your own clubs and ball. More information is available here.
About Edinburgh, Scotland
The Location:
Edinburgh is located along the Firth of Forth on the eastern side of Scotland. It is about 7.5 hours north of London by car.
The Weather:
Edinburgh has a temperate maritime climate thanks in part to its proximity to the North Sea. It is a common misconception that it is perpetually rainy - averaging only about 27 in annually (compared to Seattle’s 37 in annually). Visitors can expect long summer days and winters with shorter daylight periods.
Winter (December - February): Temperatures are often in the mid-30’s (F), this time of year sees more frequent rainfall with occasional snow. The days are short, with the sun rising as late as 8:30 a.m. and setting as early as 4 p.m.
Spring (March - May): Temperatures are more mild but certainly not hot in the spring in Edinburgh. Daytime highs can range from the low 40’s to mid-50’s this time of year.
Summer (June - August): The average daytime temperatures for summer in Edinburgh are in the mid-60’s. The days are also much longer - sunrise can be as early as 4:30 a.m. and sunset at 9:30 p.m.or later.
Fall (September - November): Fall temperatures are often in the mid-50’s in Edinburgh. The days start to become longer and the wind begins to pick up as you head into the winter months.
History:
While there is evidence of human settlement dating back to prehistoric times in Edinburgh, the city was officially grated its status of a royal burgh by King David I in the early 12th century. During this time, the first stone structures of what is now Edinburgh Castle, including St. Mary’s Chapel, were constructed atop “Castle Rock.” From there the town spread down the hill in what is now lovingly referred to at “Old Town.” It is here that you will notice architecture that characterizes the medieval time period in which it was built (the 1400-1500’s).
In the 15th century, Edinburgh became home to the primary royal residence and the site of Scotland’s Parliament - solidifying its place as the capital of Scotland. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the city saw much growth leading to over crowding and grisly living conditions, earning it the nickname ‘Auld Reekie.’ It was in the 1700s that the city expanded across what is now referred to as ‘Princes St. Gardens’ into “New Town,” characterized by its Georgian architecture and grid structure - influencing European urban planning.
Today, both Old Town & New Town are listed at UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Famous Residents of Past & Present:
Edinburgh has a literary tradition, leading to its designation as a UNESCO City of Literature in 2004. Some notable authors include:
Sir Walter Scott (Rob Roy, Ivanhoe)
Robert Louis Stevenson (Treasure Island)
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (Sherlock Holmes)
Irvine Welsh (Trainspotting)
Ian Rankin (Inspector Rebus)
JK Rowling (Harry Potter)
How to Get to Edinburgh
Flying into Edinburgh:
The closest airport to Edinburgh is…. Edinburgh Airport (EDI). It is located in the Ingliston area of Edinburgh about a 20 minute drive from the main city center. This international airport has several direct flights available to/from the United States as well as major airports throughout Europe.
Airport Transfers:
🚋 By Tram: Trams are one of the easiest ways to get to Edinburgh’s city center. They depart every 7 minutes between the hours of 7am - 7 p.m. The journey to the City Center (Waverley Station) takes about 30 minutes. Tickets can be pre-purchased online or at the airport before boarding. There are several stops along the route that may be closer to your lodging - be sure to check the route map in advance to select the stop that best fits your needs.
🚌 By Bus: Bus services are available to Edinburgh as well as other cities throughout Scotland. Utilize the Airlink 100 route or Airport Express services for the most efficient routes into Edinburgh’s City Center. For a more affordable option, though less efficient, take the 17 or 18 Lothian Bus to reach the city center. More information on bus routes and options can be found here.
🚕 By taxi: The taxi rank can be foudn in the East Terminus near the arrivals area. You can make a booking online in advance or upon your arrival at the rank. Fares are set by the City of Edinburgh council and apply to all taxis that operate at the airport. A copy of the fare table can be found here.
Arriving by Train:
Edinburgh is easily accessible by train from other areas of the UK including London, Glasgow and Manchester to name a few. If you are looking for a truly unique experience, consider booking a ticket on the Caledonian Sleeper from London to Edinburgh. Most trains will stop at Edinburgh Waverley station located in the heart of the city center. From there you can walk, take a taxi or bus to your accommodations.
Getting Around:
Do you need a rental car in Edinburgh? Honestly, no - probably not. The only reason to rent a car is if you plan to explore beyond the city up into the Highlands or other areas of Scotland.
Edinburgh is very walkable, if you’re up for climbing some hills. If you prefer to take a ride, there is abundant public transportation including a robust bus system that can get you most anywhere. Taxi’s are also very easy to find in Edinburgh and reasonably priced. Was it even a proper trip to the UK if you didn’t take a ride in a classic black cab?
Where to Stay in Edinburgh
💸 💸 💸 100 Princes Street
💸 💸 💸 Virgin Hotel Edinburgh
💸 💸 💸 The Balmoral Hotel Edinburgh
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